Investigating Proverbs as Cultural Mirrors: Exploring Pragmatic and Sociolinguistic Dimensions of Gender, Identity, and Values in Toba and Karo Cultures of North Sumatera
Abstract
This study explores the pragmatic and sociolinguistic dimensions of proverbs in the Toba and Karo cultures of North Sumatra, Indonesia, emphasizing their role as cultural mirrors reflecting values, identity, and societal norms. Adopting a qualitative comparative research design, the study examines 25 proverbs from each culture through a multi-framework methodology. It integrates Speech Act Theory, Politeness Theory, Frame Semantics, and Ethnolinguistic Vitality Theory to uncover the cultural, pragmatic, and linguistic significance of these proverbs. The Speech Act analysis highlights a predominant use of Directive Acts, reflecting an emphasis on moral guidance and social cohesion. Politeness strategies, particularly positive politeness and off-record communication, underscore the value placed on indirectness and fostering relationships. Frame Semantics reveals shared themes such as Practical Wisdom, Integrity, and Social Relationships, while Ethnolinguistic Vitality illustrates how these proverbs sustain cultural identity and linguistic heritage amidst globalization. The findings reveal shared values alongside distinct priorities, with Toba proverbs emphasizing resilience, dignity, and spirituality, and Karo proverbs highlighting unity, adaptability, and responsibility. This study concludes that proverbs serve as vital tools for cultural preservation and ethical instruction, providing insights into the dynamic interplay of language, culture, and identity. The research offers a foundation for further cross-cultural studies and reinforces the relevance of proverbs in contemporary discourse.
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